| Water Hardness (CUWCD vs Wells) |
6.3–9.0 GPG (CUWCD) / 14–25+ GPG (Wells) |
Unregulated (>10.5 GPG = Very Hard) |
White scale crust on black/brushed fixtures, kills tankless heaters in 3–5 yrs |
Ion-Exchange Water Softener |
| Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) |
148 – 1,320 ppm (2025 CCR) |
500 ppm (EPA Aesthetic) / 2,000 (UT) |
Cloudy ice cubes, mineral taste, spots on glassware (softeners don't lower TDS) |
Under-Sink Reverse Osmosis |
| Disinfection Byproducts (TTHM / HAA5) |
24 ppb TTHM / 31 ppb HAA5 (2025 CCR) |
80 ppb MCL / 60 ppb MCL |
Formed by chlorine gas disinfection at city wells; dries skin & degrades 8% resin |
Carbon Tank + 10% Crosslink Resin |
| Sulfate & Sodium |
14–251 ppm Sulfate / 7–182 ppm Na |
1,000 ppm Sulfate MCL |
Bitter/mineral taste in tap water during high well-pumping months |
Reverse Osmosis (Kitchen Tap) |
| Nitrate (as Nitrogen) |
0.792 – 6.5 ppm (2025 CCR) |
10.0 ppm MCL |
Within legal limit, but upper range (6.5 ppm) warrants RO for infant formula |
Reverse Osmosis Membrane |
| Barium & Fluoride |
39–123 ppb Ba / 0.12–2.0 ppm F |
2,000 ppb Ba / 4.0 ppm F |
Naturally occurring aquifer minerals from rock erosion |
Within Safe Standards (RO reduces) |
| Lead & Copper (30 Tap Samples) |
1.5 ppb Lead / 0.054 ppm Copper (90th %) |
15 ppb AL / 1.3 ppm AL |
Certified Non-Lead Water System by Utah Div. of Drinking Water (0 exceedances) |
Compliant Non-Lead System |